Ways to deal with economic corruption

How can corruption be prevented and what are the effects of corruption on the economy?

In addition to answering these two questions, this analysis tries to show how a society becomes corrupt and what are the ways out of the crisis of economic corruption? >corruption< In the word, it means destruction, chaos, misguidance and moving in the wrong direction, and in practice, any action that is done against the laws and regulations of the society is referred to as a corrupt movement. Therefore, it is possible to call people who violate the rules established by law, customs or ethics as corrupt.
Considering the sensitivity of money and material relations in the society, a major part of corruption comes back to economic issues, that is why economic corruption is known as one of the main challenges and problems in social relations and specific policies to deal with it. It is adopted by policy makers as it expands.
The cause of economic corruption, like many other similar phenomena, should be sought in economic motives; As long as there is an economic incentive for crime, fighting economic crimes is a complicated and costly task. Therefore, the first step for a principled and sustainable fight against economic corruption is to remove the foundations and motivations for corruption.
A major part of these factors is due to the existence of legal frameworks and complex and strict regulations. Although many regulatory regulations were formed with the intention of optimizing relations between individuals, some administrative bureaucratic structures have intensified these regulations and become a factor and motivation for companies to leave the official sector of the economy with the aim of escaping from strict regulations. become
For example, strict regulations for collecting taxes and imposing high rates and multiple taxes lead to the expansion of tax evasion and the exit of companies from the official economy and their transfer to the hidden economy, or complicated and lengthy customs regulations as an important factor for Increasing the incentive to commit the crime of goods smuggling is considered.
Therefore, the longer and more the time, cost and number of administrative steps of a process are, the more the economic corruption is because the motivation of economic activists to leave it or pay bribes to bypass it is more. to be For this reason, one of the main ways to prevent economic crimes is to improve the business environment and facilitate executive affairs by using tools. 
It is deregulation.
One of the most important tools to prevent economic crimes is proper monitoring of processes. The use of monitoring tools is considered very important and sensitive due to its complexities. Although monitoring is a tool to prevent corruption, it can become a factor for its abuse or making the processes more complicated and difficult.
In today’s conditions, it is not possible to monitor all processes in a traditional way due to the high volume of exchanges and economic communications, and the use of digital and computer tools is unavoidable. At the same time, in order to control the transaction cycle, communication chains between people must be used, and one sector cannot be considered abstractly without considering the back and front chains.
A clear example of this is the use of value added tax. In the method of collecting taxes using the value added tax method, the seller of the goods pays the tax related to it to the tax affairs organization and collects it from the buyer by adding it to the sales price; It is for this reason that the total tax paid in the last stage of 
The final consumer is charged and value added tax is considered a type of consumption tax.
In this case, some people wrongly state that if they are supposed to pay and then receive different cycles of taxes, why is this action apparently done in vain, because the entire amount can be received from the final consumer and the cycle of production and distribution. did not involve paying this tax.
These people do not pay attention to the fact that the main purpose of receiving value added tax is not to earn income, but this type of tax determines the cycle of circulation of goods and financial funds between economic actors through the exchange of factors, and every person because of the fact that he can At the stage of sale, he only pays the value added tax of the goods as a tax, he must present the purchase invoice of the goods based on the payment of the tax in the previous stage. Accumulating these factors and depositing their information in information banks over several years can indicate the amount of income and the type of trade of goods between different people in an economic sector and cause transparency and increase the risk of economic corruption.
Reducing the risk of being trapped and spreading corrupt behaviors has a significant effect. In a society where the risk of corruption is low, the development of illegal behavior is natural. For example, in the current situation, by accepting the estimate of 19 billion dollars from the anti-trafficking headquarters of the total amount of smuggling in the country and paying attention to the fact that the total value of the smuggled goods discovered is about 3.063 billion riyals, it can be estimated that only about 1.6% of the total The volume of smuggling is discovered and the risk of being caught in this illegal behavior in the country is very low.
On the other hand, the development of corrupt behavior has removed the stigma of corruption and this has become an accepted culture in the society and slowly institutionalizes economic corruption in the country and reduces the motivation of law enforcers to deal with them.
Another of the main solutions to fight against economic crimes is to control the flow of funds from crime and increase the cost of using dirty money in the society through the correct use of tools to fight against money laundering. The volume of many corrupt activities, including the importation of contraband, drugs, and alcoholic beverages, is so high that its widespread distribution can be considered organized. In this situation, by monitoring the flow of funds in the banking system, it is possible to identify many offenders or increase the cost of using dirty money in the country.
Another factor that can cause corruption in society is the excessive size of the government and lack of attention to the efficiency of the administrative system. Some western economists including> Friedman< They believe that the government is an institution that spends other people’s money for others. In this case, the government is not worried about the money that is spent, nor is it worried about what it gets in return.
For this reason, in this assumption, the government inherently has an inefficient structure, but in the real world, there is a need for the presence of the government as a policy maker and market supplement, an institution that fights monopoly and encourages competition, a producer of public goods, responsible for eliminating the negative effects of production, consumption and Encouraging positive works, providing information to economic decision-makers, an institution that supports the classes in need of support and is considered responsible for maintaining society in times of crisis, war, etc., and the necessity of the government’s presence is clearly palpable. Therefore, there is no doubt about the efficient and effective presence of the government, but it is necessary that the control tools of compliance with financial discipline and compliance with regulatory laws and regulations by the government should be prioritized in the affairs of the government supervisory authorities.
This article does not intend to examine all the factors affecting corruption in the society and only focuses on the two areas of deregulation (amending laws and regulations as one of the platforms for crime prevention) and supervision (as a basic tool in the fight against corruption). ) has mentioned. These two axes, i.e. legislation and supervision, are considered as the two main duties of the legislature, and this is why the parliament composed of people’s representatives in the Islamic Council plays a significant role in fighting corruption in the society. In other words, the efficiency of the anti-corruption programs and the implementation of the policies announced by the Supreme Leader, especially the 8-article decree of the Supreme Leader in dealing with corruption, depends on the effectiveness of the legislature in the two dimensions of deregulation and monitoring the strict implementation of the law.