As one of the most exceptional nuclear power plants in the world, Bushehr nuclear power plant is considered by many experts to be an honor not only for Islamic Iran but also for the entire Islamic world.
According to these experts, the establishment of Bushehr power plant is the result and a symbol of the resistance and stability of the Iranian nation, which was not afraid of threats and pressures and always emphasized its rights.
The use of two technologies of the East and the West, the prolongation of the construction time of the Bushehr nuclear power plant due to many reasons, being bombed during the war are among the things that, according to these experts, made this power plant distinct and exceptional compared to other nuclear power plants in the world.
The birth of a nuclear power plant in the heart of the world’s oil-rich region
The contract for the construction of Bushehr nuclear power plant was signed with Germany in 1974 AD (1355 AD), which is the same year as the establishment of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran.
Kraft Work Union (KWU), which is a subsidiary of Siemens, committed to two nuclear power plants each with a capacity of 1,290 megawatts of pressurized water reactor (light water) in exchange for receiving 778 million marks. Bushehr to launch.
Based on this, the first unit of the Bushehr power plant was supposed to start working at the end of 1980 and the second unit a year later, in 1981, and be connected to the national power grid of Iran.
When Iran concluded this contract, 2,100 German experts along with 7,000 Iranians were involved in the construction of this power plant, which was considered one of the largest nuclear power plants in the world at that time.
Before the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the first unit was about 85% completed and the second unit was partially completed, but after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the German side refused to continue cooperation with Tehran.
During the eight-year imposed war, this power plant was bombed seven times and as a result, many damages were caused to it.
Efforts to build the Bushehr nuclear power plant and five Tehran-Moscow agreements
With the end of the imposed war and the determination of the Islamic Republic of Iran to rebuild the ruins left by this eight-year war and also to compensate for the delays during the tyrannical rule on the country, there is a whisper about the completion of the Bushehr nuclear power plant, which could supply a significant part of the electricity in the southern part of the country. It fell on the tongues.
Although the German contractor refused to continue the construction of the power plant despite receiving the construction fee, Iran was not disappointed and put finding a new contractor on its agenda.
In this regard, Tehran was able to reach agreements with Moscow regarding peaceful nuclear cooperation and the construction of this power plant.
On the third of Shahrivar 1371 (August 25, 1992), the two countries signed a comprehensive agreement on nuclear cooperation.
January 18, 1995 (January 8, 1995) – Three years after the agreement between the two countries to build the Bushehr power plant, the Russian company Atomstroy Export started the construction of the Bushehr nuclear power plant.
According to the first agreement between Tehran and Moscow, the Russian side committed to start up the power plant within five years, i.e. by the year 2000.
1376 (1998 AD) – In this year, the second agreement between Iran and Russia for the Bushehr power plant was concluded; At this time, the two sides added an addendum to the 1995 agreement, according to which Russia committed to complete the commissioning phase in another 50 months, until 2002, but this was not the end of the agreements between the two countries.
This time, during the third and fourth agreements with Iran, Russia committed to complete and put the power plant into operation by December 2003, but after a while, the Russians announced that they would put the power plant into operation by April 2006.
21 Mehr 82 (October 13, 2003) – Russia announced that the launch of Bushehr was delayed by one year due to technical problems and not political pressure.
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۱st of Shahrivar 83 – Deputy Director of Iran Atomic Energy Organization announced that Bushehr nuclear power plant will be put into operation in 85, he said: The primary fuel of the power plant is ready to be transported to Iran. The exchange of views regarding the construction of a new unit is in the agenda of the negotiations of the authorities of the two countries.
Mehr 19, 1983 – Kamal Kharazi and Sergey Lavrov, the foreign ministers of Iran and Russia at a joint meeting, announced the determination of the two countries to sign a contract to send nuclear fuel from Russia to Iran and return the spent fuel to Russia, and announced that this contract is in its final stage. contract.
Mehr 21, 1983- Sergey Mironov, the head of the Russian Federal Council, announced the new agreement between Tehran and Moscow regarding a new schedule regarding Bushehr. Based on this schedule, Bushehr power plant will be completed in 2006.
8th Esfand 83 (February 27, 2005) – Tehran and Moscow signed an agreement according to which Russia will supply fuel to the Bushehr nuclear power plant on the condition that the Islamic Republic of Iran sends the used fuel back to them.
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۲۱ Shahrivar 84 (September 12, 2005) – The heads of the Atomic Energy Agency of Iran and Russia announced that they will put the Bushehr power plant into operation at the end of 2006.
December 19, 1984 – Reza Aghazadeh, head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, announced: Bushehr power plant will be launched next year (2016).
1385
Som Mehr (December 26, 2006) – Reza Aghazadeh, the head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, and Sergey Krinko, the head of the Russian Federal Atomic Agency, signed a new agreement, according to which Moscow committed to start the first unit of the Bushehr power plant on a trial basis by the end of September 2007. slow down and send the power plant fuel to Tehran 6 months after that, i.e. until the end of March 2007.
According to this agreement, the Bushehr nuclear power plant was put into operation in November 2007 and three months after that, nuclear electricity entered Iran’s national electricity grid for the first time.
December 20 – Sergey Kerenko, the head of the Russian Federal Atomic Agency, followed up on the Moscow agreements during his visit to Tehran. Aghazadeh announced in a press conference with him: The Russian side has financial problems for its commitments in setting up Bushehr, and Iran is ready to help the Russian side in this regard.
According to Aghazadeh, in order to solve these problems, Iran promised to advance the payment deadline.
8th of Bahman – Igor Ivanov, the head of the Russian National Security Council, announced in a meeting with Mottaki that Russia is firm and determined on its commitments to complete the Bushehr power plant on the set date.
Bahman 30 – The occurrence of financial problems in the Russian contractor caused the officials of Atomstroy Export to announce that due to the delay in the payment of installments, there will be changes in the schedule for the construction of the power plant.
Of course, Mohammad Saeedi, Deputy Director of International Affairs of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, immediately responded to this claim by the Russians and announced: Iran has not had any delay in the financial payment of the Bushehr contract to the Russian company.
Saidi demanded that the power plant be started on the scheduled date, which is September 2018.
7th of March – Gholamhossein Elham, the government spokesman announced: The reason for the delay in the transfer of fuel from Russia to Bushehr power plant is not so serious and this issue will be resolved through dialogue. Elham considered the main problem in Bushehr issue to be payment in euro or dollar currency.
March 18 – After traveling to Moscow to solve the financial problems of the Russian contractor of the Bushehr power plant, Mohammad Saeedi, the vice president of international affairs of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, defined and planned a formula for early payments. He said that the problem of the Russian side is due to the lack of financial credits of this company.
March 20 – Reza Aghazadeh, head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, announced: Although Iran has no legal obligation to pay in advance to the Russian side, it is willing to increase their liquidity in order to start the power plant on time.
He said that the support department of the power plant, such as the industrial water department and the transfer of sea water to the water circulation system of the power plant, is ready for commissioning.
March 20 – The Deputy Director of International Affairs of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran announced the technical and legal preparations for sending fuel to Bushehr power plant in March (second half of March 1985 to the first decade of April 1986).
March 21 – A delegation of officials and experts from Atom Astroy Export Company arrived in Tehran to resolve issues related to the start-up of Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant.
March 22 – Krinko’s statements about Iran’s payments for setting up Bushehr caused the Iran Atomic Energy Production and Development Company, which is the employer of Bushehr power plant, to issue a notice and announce that the Russian company must send the power plant’s fuel to Iran by April 11, 2018. slow down
This announcement stated: According to Russia’s initial commitment, July 8, 1999 was supposed to be the completion date of the project, which has been postponed five times. Even assuming the start of this power plant in September 2007, this project will be eight years and three months late.
The company announced that it has already paid 12 million and 700 thousand dollars on account to Atomstroy Export, the documents of which can be published.
March 23 – The International Vice President of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran said in response to Krinko’s statements about the financial issues of the Bushehr power plant: From October 10, 2006 to March 14, 2007, Tehran has paid more than 75 million dollars (five billion and 600 million tomans) to the Russian contractor.
He also announced: Since March 1 of this year (2007), 18 million and 200 thousand dollars are being deposited into the account of the Russian company.
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Farvardin 14 – The support units of Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, including the buildings related to the pump house and the 400 KV substation of Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, were put into operation in the presence of First Vice President Parviz Davodi.
21 Farudin – International Deputy of Iran Atomic Energy Organization said: Due to the 92% progress of Bushehr power plant, this power plant will be put into operation this year.
Farvardin 23 – A delegation consisting of Russian financial and banking managers traveled to Tehran and discussed with the Iranian side, prepared a draft of a new financial contract, and the text of this financial contract, which is subject to the financial regulations in Iran, was scheduled to be sent on the trip next week. The Iranian delegation to Moscow will be finalized.
2nd of May- Ahmad Fayaz Bakhsh, the head of Atomic Energy Production and Development Company, which is the employer of Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, met with the managing director of the Russian Atom Astro Expert Company during his trip to Moscow, and the two sides signed a new financial agreement for Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant.
June 30 – Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov announced on the sidelines of the meeting of foreign ministers of Caspian coastal countries in Tehran: The Russian side is ready to fulfill its obligations regarding Bushehr.
July 5th – Sergey Shmatko, the head of the Russian contractor company of Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, arrived in Tehran at the head of the financial committee and to investigate the causes of the delay in the executive operations of the power plant.
July 12 – Mohammad Amiri, Director General of the country’s nuclear safety office said: In line with the launch of the first unit of the Bushehr nuclear power plant, the reactor tests will be done in two months and the construction work of the power plant will be completed in the next two months.
Shahrivar 20 – The head of Iran’s Atomic Energy Organization announced that the construction of Bushehr power plant was 95% complete, and promised to present a final report on its construction process in a month.
Shahrivar 29- Reza Aghazadeh agreed with his Russian counterpart on the sidelines of the Agency’s annual meeting in Vienna that until the visit of Russian President Vladimir Putin to Tehran in October, the issues related to the start-up and fuel delivery of Bushehr nuclear power plant will be finalized and in the form A document is signed by both parties.
Mehr 24 – The President of Russia, who had traveled to Tehran for the first time to participate in the meeting of Caspian Sea littoral countries, announced: The delay in the completion of the Bushehr nuclear power plant is not political, and Moscow is seriously looking for this power plant to be finished as soon as possible.
Putin considered third countries supplying some Bushehr power plant equipment to be effective in causing delays and said: Russia never shirks its obligations and according to the regulations of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Russia must deliver the fuel three months before the launch.
It was during this trip that Putin promised the authorities of the Islamic Republic of Iran to deliver the Bushehr power plant fuel to Tehran. The launch of Bushehr power plant was one of the topics discussed between Iranian and Russian officials during Putin’s visit to Tehran, and preliminary agreements were made for the start-up time.
Mehr 25 – International Atomic Energy Agency Secretary General Mohammad ElBaradei announced in his quarterly report, quoting Russian sources, that Bushehr nuclear power plant fuel will be sealed to be sent to Iran on November 26.
December 22 – Sergey Shematko, head of Atom Astroy Export, announced the agreement between Tehran and Moscow regarding the date of completion of Bushehr power plant construction and completion.
Azar 25 – Seyyed Mohammad Ali Hosseini, the spokesman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said: It is not possible to determine the exact time for the completion of Bushehr power plant.
December 26 – The first fuel shipment of Bushehr nuclear power plant arrived in Iran. The initial fuel volume of Bushehr power plant is 82 tons, which included fuel with a richness of 1.6 to 3.6 percent and its peripheral equipment; This fuel was sent to Iran in eight stages and was monitored by the inspectors of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
On the 1st of January, Gholamhossein Elham, the government spokesman, announced: The power of Bushehr power plant will enter the circuit next year (2017).
9th of December – Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki announced the launch of half the capacity of Bushehr power plant in the summer of next year.
8th of Bahman – The last shipment of Bushehr nuclear power plant fuel arrived in Iran, and in this way, one of the important issues of the two sides in the Bushehr power plant issue, which was fuel delivery, was resolved.
10 Bahman- Ahmad Fayaz Bakhsh, the CEO of the company that is the employer of Bushehr power plant, announced: At the end of Mehr 1387, the Bushehr nuclear power plant’s commissioning phase will begin and after a short period of time, the operation of this power plant will begin.
He estimated the total cost of Bushehr power plant to be one billion and 200 million dollars.
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May 2007 – Baku seized the shipment related to Bushehr power plant equipment, after which Valentin Sopolov, Secretary of the Russian National Security Council, promised Iran to solve this problem. This equipment included insulation (thermal insulation) used in this power plant.
August 27 – Gholamreza Ansari, the ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Moscow, mentioned the completion and commissioning of Bushehr power plant by the end of 2008.
2nd of Shahrivar – Ambassador of the Russian Federation in Tehran, Alexandrou Sadofnikov, announced that by the end of this year, the general testing of all phases of the Bushehr nuclear power plant will be completed and the power of this power plant will be put into operation in early 2009.
3rd of Shahrivar – Irina Isipova, the spokesperson of Atom Astroy Expert Company, announced that the company has started the final stages of assembling the technological systems of Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, and as a result, the time of physical operation of this power plant and its full operation is near.
11 Shahrivar – Leonid Reznikov, the new head of Atom Stroy Export, arrived in Tehran to visit Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant and announced that a set of technical measures and measures will be carried out between December 2008 (December – December 2008) and February (February – March 2008), which will start The operation of the nuclear power plant makes Bushehr irreversible.
12 Shahrivar – Minister of Foreign Affairs Manouchehr Mottaki said: By the end of this year, fuel supply to Bushehr power plant will be finalized.
Bushehr’s Russian contractor once again emphasized on the implementation of previous agreements and timely delivery of power plant equipment.
Mehr 17 – The Minister of Foreign Affairs, who went to the parliament to answer the questions of the representatives about the reason for the delay in launching the Bushehr power plant, told the representatives: The opening time of the power plant is set for the first half of 2009.
Mehr 23 – Ahmad Fayaz Bakhsh, Deputy Director of Atomic Energy of Iran stated: This power plant will be put into operation next year (2018).
December 10 – The Russian nuclear power plant contractor Atomstroy Export Company announced that this power plant is in the final stages of its completion.
Azar 11 – Ahmad Fayaz Bakhsh, the employer of Bushehr power plant, said: Two new units in Bushehr power plant, each with a power of 1000 megawatts, will be built on the site of the current construction of Bushehr nuclear power plant.
December 26 – Aladdin Boroujerdi, the head of the national security and foreign policy commission of the parliament, announced: The initial stages of operation of the Bushehr nuclear power plant will begin in the middle of next year.
On December 2, Hassan Qashqavi, the spokesman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, spoke about the possibility of a delay in the operation of the power plant.
7th of Esfand – The pre-commissioning stage of Bushehr power plant started with the presence of Krinko, the head of the state company Rus Atom and Reza Aghazadeh, the head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. On the same day, it was announced that the virtual fuel loading of the power plant, including virtual fuel rods containing lead, started 10 days ago.
March 14 – The Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran considered the launch of Bushehr in the next year (2018) certain and said that 500 megawatts of nuclear power from this power plant is expected to enter the country’s electricity circuit next year.
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Khordad 12 – By taking a big operational step for Bushehr power plant, the cabinet agreed to create 900 organizational posts in order to design the organizational structure of Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant Operation Company and operate this power plant.
July 24 – On this day, it was announced that, despite the previous announcement, Bushehr power plant will not be operational this summer.
July 26 – Atomic Energy Spokesman Mohsen Delaviz said: Bushehr nuclear power plant will reach its final operation at the end of this year.
August 5 – “Ali Akbar Salehi”, the head of Iran’s Atomic Energy Organization, promised the delegates that Bushehr power plant will be commissioned and its electricity will be put into operation by October.
August 25 – The Russian ambassador in Tehran announced: Bushehr power plant is in the commissioning stage and this stage is considered the final phase of the implementation of the plan of this power plant.
31 Shahrivar – The head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran while announcing the 96% progress of the construction of Bushehr said: All equipment was installed in Bushehr power plant and some small equipment is about to be sent and will be launched soon.
He emphasized: Soon, the most important test of this power plant will begin, during which the plant’s facilities will be examined under a pressure of 250 atmospheres.
November 25 – Russian Energy Minister Sergei Shmatko announced the postponement of the Bushehr power plant launch and said: This power plant will not be realized until the end of this year.
November 27 – Ali Akbar Salehi announced the agreement of the Russians to put fuel in the heart of the reactor and stated: According to the agreement with the Russians, refueling will be done in the heart of the Bushehr reactor until the next months.
4th of Azar – The Russian ambassador in Tehran announced: The technical stages of the Bushehr nuclear power plant will be completed soon.
Azar 10 – The head of Atom Stroy Export Company said: All the equipment and devices of the power plant have been transferred and installed from Russia to Iran, and only the installation of chiller machines remains.
Azar 24 – The head of the Atomic Energy Organization said that people will soon hear good news about the Bushehr nuclear power plant.
March 10 – Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant manager announced: The process of installing the power plant equipment has been completed and the testing of the equipment installed in the power plant determines the exact start time.
March 16 – Salehi said: The main test of the power plant is over and it is passing the last steps of the safety test. He also promised that the electricity of the power plant will be put into operation in the first months of next year.
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April 20 – The head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran announced to the Iranian nation on the National Day of Nuclear Technology: Fuel loading of Bushehr power plant will be done soon and we hope this reactor will start producing electricity this summer.
June 13 – Salehi said: Bushehr nuclear power plant will be put into operation in September this year.
Khordad 22 – The head of Iran’s Atomic Energy Organization announced that the final stages of the Bushehr power plant’s last test, known as the hot water test, have been completed, and announced that this test will take a week.
July 16 – Salehi announced that the Bushehr nuclear power plant will be launched in the middle of September this year, which means the heart of the reactor will be activated.
August 22 – Salehi announced the transfer of fuel to the main building of the Bushehr nuclear power plant next week and said: Transfer the fuel from its storage place to the main building of the power plant and the pool, which is located next to the heart of the reactor.
According to him, after transferring the normal fuel complex into the pool, next to the heart of the reactor, an opportunity of 7-8 days is needed to be able to enter the fuel into the heart of the reactor.
August 22 – The spokesperson of Rus Atom, the main operator of Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, also announced: Bushehr refueling will start on August 21 (August 30).
