The Ottoman Empire was a great political power that ruled the Mediterranean region from 1299 to 1922 AD. At the height of its power (14th century to early 16th century AD), this empire included the regions of Asia Minor, most of the Middle East, parts of North Africa and the southeastern part of Europe to the Caucasus. At the same time as the end of the First World War, the Turkish people were fed up with the incompetence of the Caliph Abdul Hamid I and the Ottoman system, and Atatürk took the leadership of the uprising against the Caliphate.
With the end of the First World War, Muhammad V (Rashad), the successor of Abdul Hamid, died in 1918. After him, the eldest son of Abdul Hamid, Muhammad VI (Wahid al-Din) took over the reins of affairs, but like his brother and even more than him, he was a tool of the “Committee of Unity and Development”. 1 On the other hand, the end of the work of “Anwar”, “Talaat” and “Jamal Pasha” as the heads of the Union and Development Committee was approaching. After four years of war, during which Osmani gave 427 thousand victims, the differences between the young Turks became more and more bitter day by day; That too in the days when famine and disease had spread all over Turkey.
Anwar and Talat prepared themselves to escape. At night, they took refuge in a German torpedo boat and escaped from Constantinople with it, and this was the end of the work of the young Turks. 2 Of course, they were not spared from the anger of the Armenians and one or two of them were punished for their actions.
With the end of the reign of the Young Turks and the outbreak of the First World War, the Ottoman Empire became a small country and lost many of its territories through various treaties. The country’s economy fell apart and the government no longer had any authority. In this jam, “Mustafa Kamal” (Atatürk) was able to show his strength by winning many victories in different regions, and even though he did not have the necessary qualifications to rule, he came to work. It is interesting that he was also from “Salvink”; That is, the safe haven of the Jews, which was the place of sedition and conspiracy against the Ottoman government and had brought the Ottoman Empire to this pitiful situation.
Mustafa Kamal, after completing his elementary education, turned to the military profession and joined the Ottoman Empire army. He won his first military victory in Libya and gained great fame by participating in wars in all corners of the Ottoman Empire. 3 The “Jewish Encyclopedia” (Judaica) admits that Atatürk was of Jewish origin. This source says: “A declaration issued jointly by many Jews of Thessaloniki acknowledges that Kemal Atatürk is of Domne origin.” (The Donmehs were the same Jews who had apparently converted to Islam.) Apart from the fact that many researchers agree that Atatürk was of Jewish origin, his Zionist performance also confirms this fact.
After gaining the position of a savior in Turkey, like many modernist leaders, he adopted the style of anti-Islamism and imitation of Western ideas; Of course, before he had to remove a fake obstacle called Khalifa from his way, he was very careful in this way. First, by proposing the idea of “separation of religion from politics”, he limited the Caliph’s sphere of action to religious affairs. Thus, the caliph never had political authority again. In the implementation of this policy, a few weeks after the abolition of the monarchy by the “Great National Assembly”, all the powers of Sultan Muhammad VI (Vahid al-Din) were taken away from him. He also fled from Turkey and settled in Italy. After the deposing of Wahid al-Din, his cousin Abdul Majid, one of the children of Abdul Aziz, was appointed as the caliph and ruler of the Muslims.
After stripping the caliph of political power and turning him into a useless element, propaganda began about the futility of the title, until two years later in 1924, Mustafa Kamal submitted a bill for the dissolution of the caliphate to the Majlis and passed it The number that remains from the Middle Ages and should be surgical. The aforementioned bill was approved by the parliament almost without negotiation, then Abdul Majid was immediately exiled to Switzerland. In this way, Atatürk had absolute authority in Turkey.In 1923, modern Turkey was established with a republican system by nationalists, and Atatürk was the president of Turkey from that date until 1938. The Turkish army always considered itself the inheritor of the republican system and challenged any political opposition with the justification of preserving the achievements of Atatürk and Kemalism. This army, which was considered an obstacle against the growth of communism in an unwritten alliance with the West, enjoyed freedom of action. They did not worry much about the internal consequences either; Because one of Atatürk’s commandments to the army was that whenever they saw the situation in the country disturbed and its elements were found to be corrupt, they would immediately stage a coup and take control of the affairs, and after returning the situation to a normal state, a civilian government would be at work. bring and remove themselves from the government. With this justification, at different times, the soldiers launched coups against the governments that arose from the people. The first coup occurred in 1960. A bloody coup in which the army overthrew the elected government and publicly hanged Adnan Menderes, the then prime minister, along with the minister of foreign affairs and the minister of economy and finance. The second coup occurred in 1971, after which Turkey was under the control of the military until 1973. The third coup that happened in 1980 had another feature. This coup was led by General Kanaan Oren, and after that, the army rewrote the Turkish constitution, and this law remained in force until 2010. However, during this period, the Justice and Development Party, which had the majority of the people’s votes, was able to change the most important clause of this law, which was the judicial immunity of the army generals, by referring to the people’s votes through a referendum, and as a result, brought them to the trial table. General Kanaan Oren and 160 army officers were sent to prison after hours of interrogation on the charge of coup against the legal government of Najmuddin Arbakan. It is said that in 2003, General Kanaan Oren planned a coup against Recep Tayyip Erdogan, which failed.
Atatürk’s influence in Turkey was very deep and rooted. He was able to destroy the culture, religion, language and beliefs of the Muslim people of Turkey from the foundation and establish the sinister roots of Zionism in that land for many years. For example, we will mention some of its performance headings. In order to change and revive the Turkish alphabet, he said: “To express the beautiful song of the Turkish language, we are now using the new alphabet, the characteristics and beauty of our melodious language will become clearer with this alphabet.”
The musical analysis of this language requires a separate discussion, but his main goal was to negate the opposite language, that is, Arabic. He said about the Arabic language: “We free ourselves from the shackles of incomprehensible and enigmatic signs. We are determined to understand our language and we will write it with new, easier and better letters.
Of course, he is not the only one who has attacked the Arabic language, there have been many people like him in Islamic countries such as Iran who have tried to eradicate this religious language. “Mohammed Ali Foroughi” and “Jabar Baghcheban” with those ugly interpretations about the Arabic language are examples of these people. Of course, it is interesting to know that Foroughi is also a Jew.
The severity of Atatürk’s modernism and cultural destruction was such that religious sanctities were not immune from its destruction. To the extent that the Qur’an was translated and recited in Turkish, and the call to prayer and prayer also became common in Turkish. 4 Also, he changed the Hijri date to the Gregorian and under the pretext of advancing the country’s administrative affairs and harmonizing with European countries, the days of He closed Saturday instead of Friday. Imamzades and religious holy places were not spared from his influence. He said: “It is a shame for a living society to ask the dead to solve its problems.”
He said about the change of people’s clothing: “Any way you look at it, we have to adapt ourselves to the western civilization and our way of thinking and living must completely take on the color of today’s civilization. We should use shoes, pants, shirts, ties, and above all, brimmed hats, like the people of the 20th century. “I want to say without veiling that the name of this new hat is Shapo.”
Of course, Shapo’s hat was not so new either; Because many Jewish rabbis had a history of using it, but the importance of this rabbinical hat for Atatürk was so great that the Grand National Assembly discussed the new hat in 1925, and in this meeting, the brimmed hat bill was approved. The assembly arrived. Also in 1934, another law was passed that prohibited the wearing of any type of clerical clothing outside religious places. He also had plans for women that he had to implement over time. Here is part of his speech in 1925: “During my journey here, not only in villages and towns; But even in the cities I saw women covering their eyes and faces. Compatriots, this is a sign of our men’s selfishness. Our women are like men… it is enough to instill a sense of national pride in them and create great ideals in their hearts. Then let our women show their faces to the world and watch the whole world, there is nothing wrong with that.”
Atatürk’s performance is a process of movement that started at least a century ago due to the ignorance of the Ottoman sultans. In this movement, there was no mention of the culture, belief, religion and even nationality in the name of which they sold their religion and world, and this was nothing but the plague of Freemasonry which has a long history in this land. At least officially, they began to operate in Ottoman Empire from the 18th century AD, and day by day they spread their branches throughout this empire, and who does not know about their strong and deep-rooted relationship with Jews and Zionism. “Jacques Qomhi”, who was once known as “Rothschild” of Istanbul, said about the connection between the fates of Turkey and Israel: “Jews established their national homeland in Turkey in 1947, twenty-five years before the establishment of Israel, without prior announcement. This long-standing bond between the Jews of Turkey and Israel can be seen in a special way. Jews who immigrated from Turkey to Israel installed a memorial sign in one of the forests of Tel Aviv and Haifa, which was written in Turkish and Hebrew: “Ataturk’s Forest”.
In 1992, the Turkish government celebrated the 500th anniversary of the presence of Jews in Turkey with the cooperation of the Jews of this country. This event coincided with the provision of suitable conditions after the Persian Gulf War and even led to the establishment of more formal relations with Israel. “Haim Herzog”, the president and “David Levy”, the foreign minister at the time of the occupied Jerusalem regime also participated in this celebration. Their hosts in this ceremony, “Torugut Özal”, the president of Turkey at the time, and “Suleiman Demirel”, one of the old freemasons of Turkey with rank 33; That is, they were the last rank in Freemasonry circles. The leaders of the new Turkey after the Ottoman Empire were mostly dependent on Israel, and in many of their decisions, they aligned their behavior and policies with that regime. They were determined to remove any obstacle in the way of this harmony. It must be said that the path that some Islamic parties and organizations in Turkey have taken and that has even led to the capture of the country’s government, then it will reach its destination of respecting the deep and vital ties between Turkey and Israel. become special and try to cut its root. It is only in this way that we can have hope for the future of Islam in Turkey. 5 God willing!
Green light for NATO
Finally, after a lot of ups and downs, Turkey recently agreed to install the NATO missile defense system on its soil, which despite the extensive publicity that has been done for the effectiveness of this system so far, its installation on Turkish soil was done in a thought-provoking silence. The announcement of Ankara’s final agreement with the deployment of this missile shield in Turkey coincides with the intensification of the country’s political differences with the Israeli regime. This simultaneity, from the point of view of analysts, shows the political intelligence of Turkey’s rulers to advance international goals while maintaining national interests and the level of Ankara’s regional and global relations with different countries.
The tension between Turkey and Israel has a history of several years. That is, if it is addressed more precisely, during the second period of the Justice and Development Party’s government from 2007 onwards, we gradually witnessed an increase in the tension between Israel and Turkey. This tension emerged for the first time after Israel’s attack on Gaza, and that was when the Turkish authorities sharply criticized Israel in 2008, and even Erdogan used the term state terrorism against Israel. It is natural that this position was not liked by the Israeli authorities. The second phase, which gave a new form to this tension, was the verbal dispute between Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Shimon Peres at the Davos Summit in 2009, which became a point that was widely referred to by the media, due to Erdogan’s criticism of Israel regarding the attack on Gaza. did. In the following years, Turkey’s critical approach towards Israel’s performance regarding the Palestinians and Gaza was expanding and the range of criticisms has increased. Besides this issue, Erdoğan and his like-minded people tried to show a face of Turkey in the Middle East issues that Turkey supports the rights of the Palestinian nation and the people of Gaza. This caused the influence of Turkey among the people of the Middle East to expand day by day and we witnessed the waving of the Turkish flag in the hands of the people of Palestine and Lebanon. But this tension reached a critical point when Turkey participated in sending a humanitarian aid ship to Gaza in line with the progressive policy it had taken in relation to Gaza issues. The name of this ship was Blue Marble, which crossed the Gaza coast last year, that is, 15 months ago, and was heavily attacked by Israeli commandos and 9 Turkish citizens were killed. This incident was the peak of tension between Turkey and Israel. After this issue and especially after the parliamentary elections in Turkey, which led to the three-time victory of the Justice and Development Party, the serious request of the Ankara authorities from Israel was centered on the three axes of an official apology to Turkey, compensation to the families of the ship victims and ending the siege of Gaza. Of these three factors, accepting at least two factors, i.e. the apology and the end of the siege of Gaza, was not easy for the Israelis and it was very difficult for the Israelis to officially apologize, and at the same time, the Turkish authorities have had a vague approach in the past 15 months, with some kind of appeasement. They acted against Israel. At the same time, 15 months ago, it was emphasized in the media that Turkey’s response to the Israeli attack was not up to the expectations of the Turkish people. In other words, Turkey did not take any practical action. Neither the ambassador was recalled nor the relationship was severed. To put it more clearly, it may be said that Turkey made some kind of appeasement on this issue. This means that the Turkish authorities expected the Israelis to apologize in any way possible to end the matter. The Turkish authorities have always emphasized this issue and it has become the main issue for the Turks and Israel’s non-acceptance has become a serious issue for them. In recent months, we have seen Turkey’s insistence on its requests, until a few days ago, the United Nations published a report on the Marmara ship crisis, which was like cold water on Turkey’s body and did not meet Turkey’s expectations. Only one point was pointed out that the Israeli commandos’ encounter with the marble ship was harsh and violent; But they did not condemn Israel, while they even made the collision of this ship appear legal. This report was very heavy for Turkey; A Turkey that emphasized on Israel’s apology and the need to express official remorse. Therefore, the conditions for making a decision about this issue are difficult and Turkey’s action in expelling the Israeli ambassador was an inevitable action. Because Turkey had prepared propaganda in advance; But in this situation, the edge of the UN report was in favor of Israel. Therefore, it can be said that one of the influencing factors on this decision was the expectations created by Turkey; This means that within Turkey, issues were raised regarding not shortcoming what was determined as a right (these rights were mentioned above). In the end, it was not possible for Turkey to change this approach.
In addition, Turkey should have shown that it has an independent policy and separate from the pressures of America and Israel. Therefore, this checkered move, which was accompanied by a media shock, was a reaction to Turkey’s 15-month wait. Another factor is that Turkey has presented a new definition of itself in the Middle East, at least in the last 3-4 years. A country that is a leader, and now the policymakers of the Justice and Development Party refer to Turkey as a leading country. In fact, this report was a spark for igniting the gunpowder that was left in the relations between Turkey and Israel. According to this issue, there are two possibilities. First possibility: Continuation of the status quo for a relatively temporary period in order to eradicate this issue and get out of this crisis. At the same time, on the opposite point, if in this situation each of the two actors take actions contrary to the desire of the other party, the result may lead to further degradation of the relations between the two parties. It is meant that this level of relations will be cut off. Proponents of this theory believe that stubbornness on the part of the Israelis, considering Turkey’s emphasis on its demands, may increase the points of challenge.
The second possibility is that if tensions and diplomatic crisis remain in this situation, parties may enter the game in order to bring closer the views of the two actors who are now at odds in their attitudes and may be the most important actor of America who intends to A mediator should come in and be able to bring these two countries together, taking into account some of the considerations of both sides, because America is a staunch supporter of Israel and at the same time, Turkey is an ally of America. Therefore, it is not desirable for American politics that two allies and two supporters are at opposite ends and their problems continue. For this reason, efforts will be made to help the parties to get out of the crisis. At the same time, the issue of getting out of this crisis is not so simple.
Turkey’s policy and deployment of NATO missile shield
The initial discussion of the deployment of a missile defense shield goes back to the deployment of the shield that was discussed in Eastern Europe and the critical views that Russia had towards it. In addition to the views that the United States had regarding the necessity of deploying this shield, the issue of Turkey as a place of deployment has been discussed since two years ago. Last year, Turkey also accepted the issue from the point of view that the deployment of any missile system should be discussed in the framework of NATO, because the deployment of this shield was not a simple matter for Ankara. Because it was located in Turkey’s neighborhood, Iran, and the cooperation that has developed between the two countries, raised questions about the deployment of such a missile. In view of this, last year, despite criticism from Russia and Turkey’s neighbors, especially Iran. Agreements were made. What the Turkish authorities announced today indicates that this matter has been finalized. This can be a threat to some countries in the Middle East. The deployment of this shield is in the framework of NATO’s strategic policies, part of which is in conflict with Russia’s interests in the surrounding areas. Last year, when the discussion of drafting Turkey’s strategic document was raised, a clause was deleted from the previous document that was about Iran. There was this clause in the 2005 document that Iran’s Shahab missiles were defined as a threat to Turkey’s security, but this clause was deleted in the strategic document of Turkey’s national security. Therefore, Turkey did not consider Iran as a threat to its national security and emphasized Iran as a neighboring country with which it has established good relations and as a friendly country. There were talks between NATO and Turkey about the establishment of a missile defense shield. This means that on the one hand, the Turkish authorities removed this clause from their document in order to gain Iran’s trust, and on the other hand, in contrast to the discussion of the establishment of a missile defense shield in Turkey, it is considered a threat to its neighbors. This shows that:
1. Turkey as a member of NATO, its national security and military strategies are defined in the form of NATO
2. Turkey acts in political and military negotiations with great powers based on its own interests, not the considerations of neighboring countries.
3. In spite of the fact that in recent years, Turkey talks about looking to the East in its foreign policy, but in formulating its interests and long-term strategies, its view is based on the definition of the West.
In general, in the end, it can be concluded that Turkey is trying to pursue a multifaceted policy in relation to its Western allies and Middle Eastern countries, and in relation to Israel, in the current situation, Turkey is trying to continue the current status quo and waiting for lights from Be on Israel’s side. Why so:
1. Neither in Turkey nor in Israel, there is no reason to break the relationship.
2. Outside of both sides, there are countries whose emphasis is on the continuation of relations
3. It is important for the Zionist regime to continue its relationship with Turkey in view of the developments.
4. There have been changes in the political scene of the Middle East, which is a factor in the advancement of Turkey’s policies.
In the end, Turkey is trying to show some kind of pragmatism in its policy, both in the deployment of the missile defense shield and the expulsion of the Israeli ambassador. If there is even a possibility that relations with Israel and Turkey will reach a breaking point due to the failure of both sides to apologize, it should not be assumed that this means the end of these relations. Because the parameters are based on the continuation of relations. There are also factors in the external environment as factors that put pressure on Turkey, which may be used against them. Therefore, it seems that the depth of the period of tension between Israel and Turkey will not be long. Because it is important for America to cooperate with Turkey in the process of developments in the Middle East. In the meantime, the alignment of Turkey’s and America’s policies on Syria is also the factor that motivates America to remove the ambiguities between the two countries of Turkey and Israel.
The story of the arrival of a missile defense system in Turkey
The missile shield project known as strategic defense in the early 1980s was proposed by Ronald Reagan’s administration under the title of Star Wars and then handed over to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to force its members to accept its deployment at no cost to the United States. slow. America’s action to accompany European countries in the deployment of missile shields caused NATO to follow the demands of the Pentagon and force Eastern European countries including Poland, Bulgaria and finally Turkey to accept the deployment of missile shield systems on their soil. Now that Turkey, as one of the most important members of NATO, has given in to the demands of the West and especially the United States in establishing this system on its soil, it has helped its most important partner, the United States, in implementing one of the most expensive military projects, and Washington has also It has been able to expand its security belt to the end of Europe and the borders of Asia with minimal investment. The process of Ankara’s joining this plan has been accompanied by ambiguities and doubts, the most important of which is the jeopardy of Turkey’s regional policies, especially in relation to its neighbors in recent times. is. Ankara’s most important concern in establishing this system in Turkey, regardless of its costs, is to upset the current equations of this country’s foreign policy, especially with its neighbors.
Footnote
۱٫ “History of the Ottoman Empire and New Turkey”, p. 444.
۲٫ Noel Barber, “Governors of the Golden Horn”, pp. 54 and 55.
۳٫ Javad Ansari, “Turkey in search of a new role in the region”, p. 3.
۴٫ Olugh Igdemir, “Atatürk”, pp. 160 and 161.
۵٫ Alireza Sultan Shahi, “Pan Turkism and Jews, Zionist Project”.
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